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Under the name Helios is hiding a program presented in Geneva in 1991: a blue coupé all in length with gullwing doors, a white convertible, a rolling chassis, and a composite monocoque. The Helios program merit that we pay close attention to. The Sbarro Helios is the first concept car equipped with the Franco Sbarro's patented Dual Frame. You can see the page devoted to the Dual Frame for more details. The white convertible was purchased in 1991 by Mr. Lienhard, director of a furniture chain. He subsequently bought the entire Helios program for presentation to the public and promoted it. It featured in Jeremy Clarkson's Motorworld, Non-fiction TV, 1995-1996. Features: Engine: V12 Jaguar Configuration: mid-engine transverse Displacement: 5300 cc Power: 350 BHP Gearbox: 5-speed manual Chassis: Dual Frame Weight: 1600 kg Production: 1 convertible, 1 coupé, 1 rolling chassis, and 1 composite monocoque Source: http://sbarro.phcalvet.fr/voitures/Helios/heliosgb.html Images: Sbarro; Dingo; autodiva.fr

With Scenic, Renault created the compact MPV, revolutionizing the industry with another new vehicle category. This concept car was a technological showcase, a design study aimed at producing a 21st-century family vehicle embodying Renault's idea of the "car for life and living." The "invitation to travel" theme was thoroughly developed in this cocoon-like vehicle through form, color, and trim and its functional innovations and safety features. Features Revolutionary exterior architecture: the first compact MPV The absence of a center pillar means the two right-side doors form a single opening, sliding towards each other to offer easy access to the cabin, delivering new levels of space, warmth, and comfort Single sliding door on driver's side, which gives Scenic previously unattained stiffness and strength, particularly in the event of lateral impact Double floor housing chassis and two stowages hold extra luggage, accessible via opening both inside and outside the car Optimized use of recyclable materials Seat-mounted safety belts, two child safety restraints, driver airbag, and drowsiness detector for unbeatable safety performance Automatic door locking and micro-cameras for rear-view vision ABS coupled to an automatic transmission and automatic tire pressure monitoring Power steering, four-wheel drive, and automatic load leveling system at the rear for a safe, easy and comfortable drive every time 150bhp 2.0-litre multivalve engine Automatic transmission controlled by keyboard replacing conventional gear lever Source: KATRIINA’S RENAULT CENTER; conceptcar.co.uk Images: Renault

At the 1991 Chicago Auto Show, a total of 954,785 interested viewers showed up en masse to view the newest lineup of incredible cars. The Mystique concept minivan showcased by Mercury was displayed, a Neon with a two-stroke engine by Chrysler, and the most impressive, Protosport 4 concept vehicle from Pontiac. This concept was a revolution in the possibility of a four-door Firebird. The Protosport was a concept vehicle that offered comfort for four people while still providing both performance and handling that is usually only achieved in sports cars. The Protosport is the fourth generation of the latest series of hi-tech vehicles, as Pontiac has set its sight on creating and manufacturing affordable sports cars. Featuring four clamshell doors, the Pontiac Protosport has four-wheel steering and a DOHC V8 to power a four-speed automatic that powers the rear wheels. The Protosport features 19-inch front wheels and 20-inch wheels at the vehicle's rear. Source: https://www.conceptcarz.com/ Images: www.conceptcars.it; GM; www.carculture.com

In 1991 at the International Motor Shows of Detroit and Geneva, Pininfarina presented the Chronos, a research concept based on GM mechanicals, particularly the Opel Lotus Omega's ones, at that time the fastest sedan all over the world. The Chronos II kept similar proportions and its major difference was its headlights, front bumper, and paint job. The unusual glass roof of the GM Chronos concept was impregnated with liquid crystals. When an electrical current was applied to the glass, it darkened instantly, helping keep the sunlight (and prying eyes) out. Pininfarina's intention in this design study was to give hommage and concrete evidence to the Company's collaboration with GM while realizing a powerful convertible able to match outstanding performance to equivalent styling distinction: a proposal in line with the tradition of Pininfarina sports cars, the typical feature of which have always topped out the ranges of high volume producers. Engine & performance: Position: front Type: Opel Lotus Omega, 6-cylinder, twin-turbo Capacity: 3615 cc Power: 337 hp @ 5200 rpm Torque: 568 Nm @ 4200 rpm Drive: RWD Dimensions: Length: 4320 mm Width: 1880 mm Height: 1250 mm Wheelbase: 2450 mm Source: pininfarina spa. Pictured Above: The 1991 GM/Opel Chronos Concept by Pininfarina Pictured Above: The 1992 GM/Opel Chronos II Concept by Pininfarina

Oldsmobile showed off its Achieva concept at the 1991 Chicago Auto show. It was widely acknowledged as a preview of its upcoming Calais replacement. The concept rode on a 107.2 in. wheelbase and was 186.6 inches long. Power came from a W-41 2.3 liter Quad 4 engine. Source: encyclopedia.classicoldsmobile.com Images: ConceptCarCentral; deansgarage.com

First shown at the 1991 Tokyo Auto Show, Nissan’s Tri-X Concept was a rear-drive midsize coupe powered by a 32-valve V8. Nissan was testing the market for a luxury coupe to sell alongside its Asian-market performance coupes, the Skyline and Skyline GT-R with the Tri-X. As such, the Tri-X featured a leather-lined cabin with four-place seating, an automatic transmission (the Skyline came only with a manual), and a high-tech control interface. (Take note of the trackball-style controller in the center console.) Pitched by Nissan as “responsible,” the Tri-X’s 4.5-liter engine was tuned to run on methanol as well as gasoline, a feature thought to be eco-conscious at the time. The Tri-X was a fully functional vehicle, but it was never displayed on the U.S. auto-show circuit (note the right-hand-drive dashboard), so it’s likely more unknown than forgotten for Americans. Source: https://blog.consumerguide.com/forgotten-concept-nissan-tri-x/ Images: Nissan; Leading Edge Design.

Nissan’s modern concept for 1992 was called FEV, for Future Electric Vehicle. The aerodynamically-shaped FEV had abundant interior and cargo space, plus heat-pump air conditioning and a heat-insulated, water-beading windshield that blocked ultraviolet rays and improved visibility. Source: www.chicagoautoshow.com Images: Nissan; www.shorey.net

The special-purpose convertible based on the third generation President JHG50 (1990-2003). This electric vehicle was not mass-produced and was lent out by Nissan for use in special events such as transporting sumo champions in victory parades and as the leading car in marathons. It was also used at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in 1991. It adopted the conventional zinc battery instead of the cutting-edge lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) for special purposes like parading or low-speed running. With a top speed of 40 km/h, it offered a driving range of 100 km on a single battery charge. It accelerated 0-30 km/h in 3 seconds and 0-40 km/h in 9.5 seconds. Source: https://global.nissannews.com/

The Nissan Duad concept, which was unveiled in 1991, was a vehicle that attempted to reinvent the Lotus 7. It weighed a mere 470 kgs (1035 lbs) and had an unusual layout dictated by the engine position. The driver sat alongside the engine, which meant that the sole passenger seat was located 38 cm (15 inches) further back. The curvaceous yet simplistic exterior styling of the Duad was well ahead of its time, and with just a few revisions, it would look pretty good today. Powering the Nissan Duad concept was a little 1.0-liter 4-cylinder engine. However, the vehicle's low weight would have meant this unit was more than up to the job of providing a spirited drive. Source: www.diseno-art.com Images: Nissan; www.shorey.net; Reddit

At the 1991 Tokyo Motor Show, Nissan unveiled two nearly identical concept cars: the Nissan Cocoon and the Nissan Cocoon L. Both cars continued the ideas behind the 1989 Boga concept. They were cars for a large and active family. Pictured Above: The 1991 Nissan Cocoon L had a unique roof rack and a folding third row. The difference between them was a unique roof rack on the Cocoon L. The Cocoon L was also considered a more "everyday" option in cargo transportation: the third row of seats in it was nominal and could be either folded or used as chairs for outdoor recreation. In the usual "Cocoon," the back row was also foldable and could not be used outdoors. It was assumed that six passengers would ride in the car. Each rider has their own individual aircraft-type seat for maximum comfort on long journeys. Pictured Above: The 1991 Nissan Cocoon had a winding, long center console that carries into the second row. The concepts also differed in the trim of the seats and the size of the center console: in the usual Cocoon, it completely reached the second row. In the Cocoon L, it broke off behind the front seats. The car got its name because each person on board is in their own zone, in their own "cocoon," located in the general "sphere" of the interior - the car designer Alan Flowers used just such concepts and metaphors. In terms of electronics, the car was extremely advanced. There is a navigation system, a head-up display (which generally seemed like space technology), and something that is still not in any car. The car monitored the driver's condition with the help of sensors, and when he became sleepy, he sprayed the pilot with "invigorating spray." What exactly was part of this "invigorating spray" is still unknown. Pictured Above: A drawing of the spherical interior concept. Nothing was reported about the technical features of the cars - neither about the engine nor the drive. It is only known that the Cocoon had an automatic gearbox, and the parking brake was electronically activated. The concept was a search solution for a future family car and was not intended for mass production in any of its versions - it was just another show car for the exhibition. Source: www.conceptnissan.com; motor.ru Images: Nissan; Concept Car Central

The 1991 Mitsubishi mS.1000 was presented at the 1991 Tokyo Motor Show along with the mR.1000. This tiny 4-door vehicle was packed with several features. Engine & performance: Type: 4-cylinder, DOHC, 20-valve Capacity: 997 cc Power: 82 hp @ 7500 rpm Drive: FWD, 4WS Dimensions: Length: 3715 mm Width: 1570 mm Height: 1360 mm Wheelbase: 2400 mm Source: allcarindex Images: www.shorey.net; JOHN LLOYD Collection

Presented at the 1991 Tokyo Motor Show, the Mitsubishi mR.1000 was a tiny coupe that featured a 1-Liter 4 cylinder DOHC engine with 82 hp. Dimensions: Length: 3295 mm Width: 1550 mm Height: 1250 mm Wheelbase: 2140 mm Weight: 650 kg Source: allcarindex Images: www.imcdb.org; JOHN LLOYD Collection

In total, there were six iterations, each being released biannually to coincide with the Tokyo Motor Show. The first was the HSR, introduced in 1987. The Mitsubishi HSR, meaning Highly Sophisticated-transport Research, was a group of concept cars designed and created by Mitsubishi Motors during the late 1980s and 1990s. It showcased Mitsubishi's integrated electronic system, which offered automatic control of the drive train, steering, driving position, and brakes according to the weather and driving conditions. The car was powered by a turbocharged 2-liter engine that produced nearly 300 horsepower. Top speed was reported in the neighborhood of 300 km/h. Two years later, the HSR-II appeared. Some say that dolphins inspired the design of the vehicles. The HSR-II focused on active aerodynamics and had movable fins and spoilers to react with changes in speed and driving conditions. The result was a reduction in drag that varied from .2 to .40 depending on the setup. The results of this design study were used in the production version of the GTO Sports Car. The Tokyo Motor Show in 1991 saw the introduction of the HSR-III, the third iteration in the line of HSR vehicles. Power for this vehicle was from a 1.6-liter V6 6A10 engine. This engine was used in their small and medium-sized vehicles through the 1990s. It was given the title as being the smallest modern production V6. The Mitsubishi HSR-IV was introduced in 1993. The 1.6-liter V6 engine produced an impressive 180 horsepower, and this fourth concept car had a four-wheel-drive system with an all-wheel anti-lock braking system. In 1995, Mitsubishi introduced their HSR-V concept, the fifth generation of HSR concept cars. The car featured a targa top with a folding hardtop roof. The car also introduced Mitsubishi's gasoline direct injection (GDI) technology. The Mitsubishi HSR-VI, introduced in 1997, also had a version of this engine. It measured 2.4-liters in displacement and was the final iteration of the HSR concepts. The car featured four-wheel steering, active yaw control, traction control, and an automated driving system. Source: https://www.conceptcarz.com/ Images: Mitsubishi; Mario Buonocunto Concept Cars Page; JOHN LLOYD Collection

The Mystique was Mercury's first mini-van, with a name used on the 1995 compact production car. Wall-to-wall headlights and fiber-optic taillights were integrated into the smooth-flowing aluminum-frame body. The Mystique concept was powered by Ford's prototype T-Drive V8 engine connected to a centrally-mounted transmission. The flexibility of front-wheel, rear-wheel, or four-wheel drive was obtained with the T-Drive. The glass roof incorporated liquid-crystal technology, which automatically darkened the roof in bright sunlight. The passenger seats backs were fitted with individual television screens and VCRs for rear passenger entertainment. Source: Concept Car Central Images: Concept Car Central; www.chicagoautoshow.com

1947 Nissan “Tama” Electric Vehicle The Tama was produced by the Tama electric car company, which inevitably would be purchased by Nissan in 1968, by then known as the prince motor company ltd. Created as a way to skirt rising oil prices in Japan post world war 2, the government of Japan compelled manufacturers to produce electric cars through benefits and tax breaks.- Created as a way to skirt rising oil prices in Japan post world war 2, the government of Japan compelled manufacturers to produce electric cars through benefits and tax breaks. The Tama was of consequence due to its strong construction and great reliability. The Tama claimed a range of 65 kilometers, or 40 miles, on a single charge and a top speed of 34 km/h, or 21 mph. This served the car well, as when Japan’s ministry of commerce and industry found that it was capable of 96.3 km (59 miles) and 35 km/h (22 mph) on a single charge, with a 500kg load capacity! These humble beginnings gave the car the position it served for most of its life, as taxis, small work trucks, and people carriers. The Tama also sported a rarity in cars, where engineers think of owners/mechanics. The battery that powers the car’s 4.5 bhp motor was installed with wheels to allow for easy removal and changing. 1973 Nissan EV4 Pictured above: the EV4-P at the top in an orange and white paint job. The EV4-H appears at the bottom in yellow and has a boxier build. Continuing the Japanese government’s pushing the EV trend, the EV4-P was built in conjunction with the Industrial Science and Technology Agency of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry starting in 1971. This so that by 1973, the EV4-P was road-ready and the most impressive EV to date. It also carried the greatest mileage on a single charge of an EV for the time, 302 kilometers (188 miles) at a constant speed of 40 km/h (24.5 mph). All while averaging a stout 0-40 km/h in 6.9 seconds. The second truck, the EV4-H, was built upon the lessons learned from the EV4-P and employed a hybrid drivetrain. In this case, hybrid meant simply two types of batteries high-output lead-acid batteries and high-energy-density zinc-air batteries, and a control system that optimized the balance between the two in various driving conditions. The EV4-H clocked an impressive range of 496 kilometers (308 miles) on a single charge with the hybrid system. It could accelerate 0-40 km/h in 4.9 seconds. 1983 Nissan March EV The Nissan March EV was the first experimental electric car to adopt an innovative electric propulsion system with an induction motor and two-speed electromagnetic transmission. As a result, the battery yielded a range of 160 kilometers at a constant speed of 40 km/h. 1985 Nissan EV Guide-II Introduced at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1985, the EV-II was a six-seater commuter vehicle created as a concept for the show. Not to be put into production, the EV-II was repurposed after the show to assist on Nissan’s production floor as a people carrier. This usage was extended to the carrying of VIPs and royalty for its stark windows and open air design, making it a perfect sightseeing car. The EV-II was capable of 16 km/h and 60 km per charge. 1991 Nissan President EV The special-purpose convertible based on the third generation President JHG50 (1990-2003). This electric vehicle was not mass-produced and was lent out by Nissan for use in special events such as transporting sumo champions in victory parades and as the leading car in marathons. It was also used at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in 1991. It adopted the conventional zinc battery instead of the cutting-edge lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) for special purposes like parading or low-speed running. With a top speed of 40 km/h, it offered a driving range of 100 km on a single battery charge. It accelerated 0-30 km/h in 3 seconds and 0-40 km/h in 9.5 seconds. 1995 Nissan FEV-II First shown at the 1995 Tokyo Motor Show as a follow-up to the first FEV, this time sporting a more nimble body with contemporary 90’s styling. Packing a 55KW engine capable of bringing the concept to 120 km/h, the FEV-II was certainly no slouch. Additionally, air conditioning was optioned using an EV-specific heat-pump style system. Mind you, the FEV-II’s 200 km+ range was tested without the AC, so blast at your own risk. 1997 Nissan Altra EV (R’nessa) The Altra EV had one goal only: break EVs into the North American market. Debuting at the 1997 Los Angeles Auto Show, The Altra was slated to be the first lithium ion-powered electric vehicle sold here. In practice, though, the car was sold in Japan and California. But Californians couldn't just go to their Nissan dealership to buy one of these. The first and only 200 delivered to the US all went to municipalities/utilities in California. Nissan does note, though, that they were made available for rent from the LA international airport at one time. Range from the Altra EV was expected, at about 80 miles a charge and a top speed of 75 mph. The name Altra came from Americans looking for “ALTernatives to gas cars” and the word “Ultra.” 2007 Nissan Mixim The Mixim’s futuristic design and unique interface allude to the prospective buyer of such a vehicle: the Gamer. Nissan describes this potential client as “young drivers who are mostly engaged by their computer and the world via the internet.” Aside from this, the Mixim’s wide-opening butterfly doors and sporty drivetrain made this concept a great view of what was to come. Viewers too can see the beginning of the Leaf lifecycle here, with tons of cues from this car going into that later production. Specs are hard to come by, but AutoexpressUK claims the electric engines were worth a good 134 bhp, and 0-60 was completed in just under 10.5 seconds. This comes from the Mixim’s twin output shaft design on its electric motors, allowing for true 4wd and torque vectoring. 2009 Nissan Leaf Arguably one of the most important electric vehicles any manufacturer had made to that point, Nissan had opened the floodgates to affordable electric car ownership. The first generation Nissan Leaf lacked power and range though, base trim initially only came with 70 miles of battery, quickly upgraded to 90 miles. The car made 107 hp and 207 lb/f going to the front wheels. Nissan touted the first gen as an exceptionally slippery car, allowing the gas savings to be ever more apparent with a drag coefficient of 0.29. The Leaf had two major pitfalls, though: The initial price still outweighed the gas savings you would find on similarly priced vehicles, and the battery was only rated for 100,000 miles. If you are in Japan, this is not a problem as Nissan has a battery refurbishment program, but in the US, we do not. 2016 Nissan BladeGlider Based upon the original 2013 BladeGlider concept, Nissan built on the platform and furthered it. Unveiled just prior to the Rio Olympics in 2016, the BladeGlider had changed both in form and function. The car now sported two 130kW motors and a 220kW battery allowing for emotive performance. This, coupled with the 500+lb/f of torque, the car could reach 60 mph in 4.8 seconds with a top speed of 115 mph. Nissan again used the BladeGlider as a design study to express the intentions of Nissan’s design for years to come.

The F 100 research car caused quite a stir at the 1991 North American International Motor Show in Detroit. With this particular study, Daimler Chrysler hoped to inspire numerous aspects of future passenger car development without losing sight in any way of the top-priority concerns of safety and comfort. With the combined expertise of MBB, AEG-Telefunken, and Dornier - all Daimler subsidiaries at that time - the research engineers of Mercedes-Benz succeeded in devising a car that was brimming with ingenious new ideas and design touches. For example, taking the interior, the driver was not seated on one side as in conventional cars. Instead, the driver"s seat was placed in the safest position of all: in the middle. The idea for this novel seating arrangement stemmed from the finding that only 1.5 people are traveling in each passenger car on average. This statistical revelation led researchers to conclude that the car's safest place should be reserved for the driver. Spreading out before the driver was a cockpit that featured a color monitor instead of an instrument cluster. As well as showing readings for road speed and engine speed, the monitor could also issue warnings when the tire pressure was too low, the oil needed to be topped up, or there was insufficient washer fluid in the reservoir, for example. The F 100 could carry five people in all, with two rows of seats in the saloon's rear offering ample space for four passengers. A clever new door concept was developed for convenient access and egress: special hinged pivoting doors were devised for the front, which used an elaborate hinged mechanism combined with two servo units to swing the door up away from the floor. At the rear of the car could be found pivot-and-slide doors, whose light operating mechanism was controlled by an electrically powered servo system similarly to the front doors. This servo function can be found today in various models from Mercedes-Benz. The electrical energy required to operate this modern-day "Open Sesame!" door opener was drawn from solar collectors mounted on the roof of the F 100. Covering an area of two square meters, this solar "sail" could generate 100 watts of power continuously fed into the vehicle"s electrical system, paving the way for the inclusion of further features. If the car were left parked with the summer sun beating down on it, for instance, the electronics would use the solar power to actuate a mini blower, which would then expel the hot air built up inside the car into the atmosphere. Since 2002, this very same function has been offered as a convenience feature for the Mercedes-Benz E-Class. Once safely seated inside the car, the driver could concentrate on the task at hand. There was no need to preoccupy himself with adjusting the seat and mirrors to the correct position. That was all taken care of by a small magnetic smart card, a data-carrying device that doubled as the vehicle"s ignition key. The magnetic stripe on the plastic card stored personalized driver data, which was used by the onboard computer to adjust both seat and mirrors into the correct position with the assistance of servo motors. Some years later, the F 200 Imagination appeared featuring a refined version of the smart card system, which went on to celebrate its series production premiere in the Mercedes-Benz S-Class in 1998. Source: DaimlerChrysler

The Mazda HR-X was the first hydrogen-powered concept car produced by Mazda. The car was unveiled at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1991. The car seated four people in a plastic shell and was powered by a two-rotor Wankel engine which propelled it to 130 km/h (81 mph). The hydrogen was stored in a cooled metal hydride tank, and 3.32 kilograms (7.3 lb) provided a range of 190 km (120 mi). It was the first in a series of demonstration hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles produced by Mazda. The Mazda HR-X was a small concept car developed by the Mazda plant in Aki District, Hiroshima, to showcase hydrogen fuel as a possible environmentally friendly alternative for automotive transport. The cabin accommodated four people who entered via gull-wing doors. It was constructed of plastic and designed to be nearly completely recyclable. The car was 3,850 mm (151.6 in) long and 1,700 mm (66.9 in) wide, with a maximum height of 1,450 mm (57.1 in). Weight was 1,260 kilograms (2,778 lb). The car was powered by a two-rotor Wankel engine that produced 100 hp (75 kW) mounted in the rear. The Wankel engine was chosen to solve the backfiring problems that beset previous attempts to run hydrogen in combustion engines. 37 Nm3 (3.32 kg (7.3 lb)) of hydrogen was stored in a metal hydride tank refueled by a single nozzle alongside water for cooling. The engine was connected to the wheels via a 4-speed automatic transmission. At the same time, a KERS-like system called Active Torque Control System (ACTS) was used to recover braking energy and reuse it to improve acceleration. The car was capable of a top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph) and had a range of 190 km (120 mi). A single example of the HR-X was displayed at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1991 and then in New York in 1992. However, it was not ready for production, and no more were produced. The car was superseded by the more conventional HR-X 2 a year later, the next line of several Wankel-powered hydrogen-fueled vehicles developed by Mazda. The lineage culminated in the RX-8 Hydrogen RE and Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid produced in small quantities in 2007. Source: Wikipedia Images: www.conceptcars.it; Mazda; www.carculture.com

The 1991 Mazda Gissya Concept was a proposal from Mazda’s European design studio for an MPV powered by a mid-mounted twin-rotor Wankel engine. Source: https://carsthatnevermadeitetc.tumblr.com/ Images: Mazda Motor Corporation

This was not the first time Bertone had worked with GM, given that the 1984 Ramarro and the 1990 Nivola both have Chevrolet Corvette engines. In 1991 Bertone decided to design a new body for the chassis of the Lotus Esprit, produced by General Motors. A static version of the Emotion was presented at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit: a beautiful display of classic elegance blended with undeniable modernity without exaggerating current trends. Emotion was a really exciting project: its discreet elegance stood out at the Detroit show, which focused on concepts derived from the field of biodesign. The design of the proportions and surfaces, with total attention to eliminating stylistic excesses, creates a body with clean, elegant, and masterfully compact lines. The beltline is tight, smooth, and almost horizontal. An air inlet, placed under a panel fold, is the only detail on the minimal, essential wings. The chassis is the same length as the Lotus Esprit (245 cm), but with the total length at just over 4 meters (406 cm), this really is a very compact car. It is comparable to the Lancia Stratos or Lamborghini Bravo, two memorable Bertone creations that featured the same structure, based on a centrally-mounted engine. And in the style of the Turin designer, there is a highly original use of glazed surfaces, with the side windows closing in towards the rear to create a pointed rear windscreen. This singular design feature dictates the triangular shape of the roof. With the Emotion, Bertone and his team establish their distinctive design identity in the context of pure style. Source: Mario Buonocunto Concept Cars Page Images: Bertone; Mario Buonocunto Concept Cars Page

It is one of the representatives of the "electromobility" direction. The ecological cleanliness of electric vehicles allows them to be used in golf clubs, sports competitions, tourist and sanatorium-resort areas, trade and exhibition centers, hospital towns, airports, and warehouses. When describing "elf," the plant uses the epithets "light" and "airy." At the same time, first of all, the developers pay attention not to the properties of the engine but not to the level of active and passive safety. But the paints tell about the original arches for the awning and the trunk for sports equipment. Source: TURBO # 07 (117) 2008 - www.turbonsk.ru Images: AVTOVAZ